What do shangaan eat
The Tsonga-Shangaan homeland, Gazankulu, was carved out of northern Transvaal Province during the s and was granted self-governing status in The homeland economy depended largely on gold and on a small manufacturing sector. Traditionally, the Tsonga lived mainly by fishing for subsistence. A few goats and chickens were raised, and crop cultivation was important. Their tsetse fly-infested coastal lowland habitat made cattle raising an uncommon practice.
By the 18th Century, most Tsonga were organised into several small and independent chiefdoms in which inheritance by brothers, rather than sons, was a defining feature of the social system, a practice common in many Central African societies but rare among other South African groups.
Compared with common western family structures, the traditional social structures of the Tsonga tribes are quite complex. The smallest social unit that can be determined is the 'nuclear family', consisting of a woman with her own hut and cooking area, her husband and their children. For Tsonga men, the possibility of having more than one wife exists. In cases of polygamy, 'extended families' came about, consisting of a group of nuclear families, headed by the same man.
When the sons of an extended family married, a settlement, or muti came about, consisting of a man, his wives, their unmarried children and the families of their married sons. Traditionally, these settlements appeared as circular living areas , surrounded by wooden walls. Inside this circle, various huts and cooking spots were built.
Large thatched conical roofs typify the style of their homes. Wide beaded necklaces and heavy metal bracelets are also popular. Within the Tsonga community, different social units exist.
Aside from the family units mentioned above, lineages or nyimba exist, consisting of persons who can prove they descend from the same ancestors. The various lineages can be grouped into clans or xivongo, consisting of all persons, who descend from the same ancestor.
In present times, the Tsonga community structure is based on tribal relationships. A tribe is a group of people , which recognises the authority from one tribal chief or hosi, and is living in a specific tribal area, or tiko ra hosi. Whilst generally in BaNtu culture, and specifically in Shangaan-Tsonga culture, a Supreme Being is acknowledged, far more relevant are the powers of ancestors who are believed to have considerable effects on the lives of their descendants.
The ancestors appear mainly in dreams, but sometimes manifest themselves as spirits. Some spirits or ancestors are believed to live in certain sacred places where ancient chiefs have been buried. Each clan has several of these burial grounds. The ancestors are propitiated by prayers and offerings , which range from beer to animal sacrifices.
The Sangoma, on behalf of the community, makes offerings in times of trouble or in cases of illness, and on special occasions.
Care is taken to please the ancestors, as restless ancestors can cause trouble. According to the Tsonga, there exists a strong relationship between the creation ntumbuloko and a supernatural power called Tilo. Tilo refers to a vaguely described superior being, who created mankind, but it also refers to the heavens, being the home of this creature. The Tsonga believed that man had a physical mmiri and a spiritual body with two added attributes, the moya and the ndzuti.
It is often made seasonally, following the harvesting and drying of the corn and peanuts, usually occurring between December and February. Older generations have fond memories of xigugu, though today fewer and fewer people still make this traditional product. It is mainly found in the northeastern parts of South Africa, in the province of Limpopo, where it can rarely be found in a few specialty hotels.
Normally it is not usually sold on the market. Because of the long preparation time, the tradition of making xigugu in the home is being lost among younger generations. Donate Join us. Search Search for:.
Home » Ark of Taste » Xigugu. By creating an account, I agree to the Terms of service and Privacy policy. Tsonga people can be found in South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
In , the Shangaan Cultural Village was established in Hazyview, Mpumalanga, and is aimed at increasing tourism and educating visitors on Shangaan culture.
It has also become a central part of job creation and economic development in the area. The origins of Tsonga people date back to the days of King Shaka Zulu, when they were known for bartering fabric and beads for copper, ivory and salt.
King Shaka sent Soshangane Manukosi to conquer present-day Southern Mozambique in the 19th century during the Mfecane upheaval. Soshangane was captivated by the beauty and fertility of the land as well as the humility of its people, which consisted of Nguni and Tsonga tribes. Soshangane founded and was king of the Gaza Kingdom, which was located in south-eastern Africa in the area of southern Mozambique and south-eastern Zimbabwe. I I n , Shaka sent an army led by Dingane and Mhlangana to deal with Soshangane, but they were defeated.
This spurred on a chaotic period during which Tsonga people moved southwards and defeated groups in Northern Natal now KwaZulu-Natal , while others moved to the Transvaal now Gauteng and settled in areas such as Soutpansberg, Nelspruit, Barberton and Rustenburg. Soshangane died in and his sons Mzila and Mawewe fought over chieftainship despite the fact that Soshangane left the crown to Mzila. Various battles followed, which led to the Tsonga-Shangaan homeland, Gazankulu, forming in the Northern Transvaal Province in the s.
It was recognised as a self-governing state in , and the economy of the state was driven by gold and a small manufacturing industry. An estimated Shangaan people lived there - the rest of the Shangaan can now be found in urban areas such as Pretoria and Johannesburg. In a traditional setting, the economy is driven by agriculture and pastoralism, and the staple food of the Tsonga includes corn, millet, sorghum and other crops.
Women do most of the agricultural work while men and boys look after livestock and grow cash crops. With the development of the South African economy, most Tsonga men depend on wage labour for cash and migrate to various urban areas to make a living.
The music is characterised by an extremely fast-paced beat, fluid guitar lines and drumming influenced by Thomas Chauke and Paul Simon. Shangaan Electro beats can go up to bpm, and this genre is specifically created for dancing, particularly footwork that can be compared to isipantsula and is often referred to as Xibelani. The dancers are often decked in colourful attire. Nozinja is also behind large street parties that take place. Shangaan culture has certainly evolved, and made international inroads.
However, tribal divides continue to plague South Africa as does discrimination, and people remain skeptical of whether the music has an audience. However, artists like Sho Madjozi are proving that the Shangaan culture is relatable. A A bout the author. Vuyo Seripe is a multi-talented writer who enjoys working with all things digital.
She has written content for multiple clients who have commended her for being tenacious and creative.
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